The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of a temporary situation when critical infrastructure (CI) operators had to operate with continuously changing conditions. The role of cyber infrastructure during pandemics, for example for the remote work or access to critical systems, has also changed.

"Risk and resilience are interconnected concepts. In fact, one of our goals in SUNRISE is to integrate resilience metrics with risk metrics.

The CROSSCON is a research project that targets developing research ideas into practical techniques and supporting prototypes, and the level of ambition is to validate results in lab conditions that are representative of a complex IoT system (i.e., technology readiness levels TRL 4 and TRL5).

Four EU pilot projects were launched in 2019 (ECHO, SPARTA, CSEU, and CONCORDIA) with the focus on specific context of EU Regulation that is establishing the European Cybersecurity Competence Centre (ECCC), together with the Network of National Coordination Centers (NCCs), and Competence communit

Cybersec4Europe project has been quite influential as a pilot of the Cyber Competence Network, contributing to a wide and rich community of cybersecurity stakeholders.